Sensor interfacing with Arduino involves connecting various sensors—such as IR, ultrasonic, temperature, or motion sensors—to the Arduino board to collect real-world data and use it in embedded applications. These sensors convert physical parameters like distance, light, temperature, or motion into electrical signals, which the Arduino reads via its digital or analog input pins. Proper interfacing includes correct wiring, voltage matching, and writing code to read and process sensor outputs. Through sensor interfacing, students and hobbyists can build a wide range of interactive and automated projects such as obstacle-avoiding robots, motion detectors, smart lighting, and environment-monitoring systems.
